Linux VPS'ga Nginx bilan WordPress'ni qanday o'rnatish

Ushbu qo'llanma Ubuntu 22.04 yoki 24.04 VPS'da WordPress'ni LEMP stek bilan sozlaydi: Linux, Nginx, MariaDB va PHP-FPM. Qulay boshlash uchun 2 vCPU va 2 GB RAM li server yetarli; qarang: VPS parametrlarini qanday tanlash. Qo'llanmani kuzatib borish uchun bir necha daqiqada bulutli VPS joylashtirishingiz mumkin. example.com o'rniga o'z domeningizni yozing va avval uning DNS A yozuvini server IP manziliga yo'naltiring.

1. Serverni yangilash va yong'in devorini ochish

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
sudo ufw enable

Agar SSH'ni hali himoyalamagan bo'lsangiz, avval SSH'ni mustahkamlash qo'llanmasi bilan shug'ullaning.

2. Nginx, MariaDB va PHP'ni o'rnatish

sudo apt install -y nginx mariadb-server php-fpm php-mysql php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-zip php-intl unzip curl
sudo mysql_secure_installation

3. Ma'lumotlar bazasini yaratish

sudo mysql

CREATE DATABASE wordpress DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'wpuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'USE_A_LONG_RANDOM_PASSWORD';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'wpuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

4. WordPress'ni yuklab olish

cd /tmp && curl -O https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
tar xzf latest.tar.gz
sudo mv wordpress /var/www/example.com
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/example.com
cd /var/www/example.com && sudo -u www-data cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php

wp-config.php faylini tahrirlang: DB_NAME, DB_USER va DB_PASSWORD qiymatlarini yuqoridagilarga o'rnating hamda autentifikatsiya kalitlarini rasmiy generatordan olingan yangilari bilan almashtiring: https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/.

5. Nginx'ni sozlash

/etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com faylini yarating:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;
    index index.php;

    location / { try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args; }
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php-fpm.sock;
    }
    location ~ /\.ht { deny all; }
}

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx

Agar /run/php/php-fpm.sock mavjud bo'lmasa, versiyali soketdan foydalaning, masalan /run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock.

6. Bepul HTTPS sertifikatini qo'shish

sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

Certbot sertifikatni avtomatik yangilaydigan taymer o'rnatadi. Uni sudo certbot renew --dry-run buyrug'i bilan tekshiring.

7. Brauzerda yakunlash va himoyalash

https://example.com manzilini oching va o'rnatish dasturini yakunlang. So'ngra:

• WordPress, mavzular va plaginlarni yangilab turing hamda ishlatmaydiganlarini o'chirib tashlang.
• Kuchli va noyob administrator parollaridan foydalaning hamda ikki bosqichli kirishni yoqing.
• Har bir yirik yangilanishdan oldin snapshot yoki zaxira nusxa oling.
• Kichik VPS'dagi yukni kamaytirish uchun keshlash plagini o'rnating.